Christendom-
combination between Christianity and kingdom
Taxes/tithe/tithing:
10% of what they make to the church
Byzantine
Empire- eastern empire
·
It
became more Greek, than roman
·
Stopped
speaking so much Latin
·
Education
is less more important
·
The
only people who knew how to read were the priests and other people.
·
Regular
people didn’t know how to read; they would be learning different types of jobs
·
Middle
Ages- when civilization took a step backwards
·
The
romans were no longer the center of trading and social life
·
Feudalism: a political, military and economic system based on
land-holding and protective alliances
·
In
other words: the system is based on person loyalty to people who can help you
·
Rich
Dude (LORD): “I own land; I need people to help me work it and defend it.”
·
Tough
Dudes (VASSALS): “There are a lot of us, we can help the rich dudes hold on to
their land.”
The Feudal
Pyramid:
Top: KING
Next: the
most powerful VASSALS (Nobles and Bishops)
Next:
KNIGHTS-mounted warrior who received FIIEFS for defending their lord’s land
Next:
PEASANTS (mostly SERFS) – landless, powerless, moneyless, rights- less; just
working the land for “the man” (their lord)
Manor: the
lord’s estate
·
The
lord’s manor house
·
A
church- very few windows, dark inside
·
Some
workshops
·
15-30
families
·
All
on a few square miles
·
Good
news: it’s a self-sufficient community
·
Bad
news: it’s harsh if you’re a peasant, if you don’t have any encounters with
other people, you’re not learning about the world and its cultures
·
Peasants
are poor and pay high taxes
·
Tax
on grain
·
Tax
on marriage
·
Church
tax (tithe= 10% of their income)
·
They
live in crowded cottages
·
Live
with animals and insects
·
Eat
very simply
·
The
church says this is your lot in life
·
God
determines your place in society
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